Introduction

The environment, together with its ecosystems, has political, economic and ethical dimensions because of the impact it has for the human species. It is the study of environmental biology that provides the scientific basis for the understanding of these issues and for the stewardship of our environment. As the resources of the environment are finite, this unit considers the biological processes which result in the flow of energy and circulation of materials in ecosystems. Emphasis is placed on the process of decomposition because of its key role in recycling materials. The interactions within ecosystems are studied by consideration of inter-specific and intra-specific relationships between organisms in the ecosystems as well as environmental factors. These interactions should be approached from the point of view of ecological advantage and evolution based on the costs and benefits of the interaction. The principle of change in ecosystems is considered in conjunction with the influences of the human species on the environment. Throughout the unit ecosystems should be studied to illustrate the content of the course. Although it is recommended that local ecosystems should be studied to provide fieldwork experience, it should be remembered that other ecosystems are of global significance and concern and so also merit study. Information technology now brings statistical analysis within the scope of classwork and opportunities should be taken to analyse collected and received information using such facilities.

Candidates undertaking this unit should have a clear understanding of the topics covered in the units: Genetics and Adaptation (H) and Control and Regulation (H); or Behaviour, Populations and the Environment (H).